本文版权为 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 所有, Copyright (C) 1985, 1993 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies of this document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the recipient permission for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
　　任何人在拿到这文件的同时便受予他透过任何媒体，复制与传播本文章一字不变 的复本的权利，前题是本版权宣告与授权声明必须保留不动，而且散播者必须受予 接受者如同本声明一样再次传播的权利。 Modified versions may not be made. 本文不允许更改。
　　The GNU Manifesto
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GNU 释义
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　　The GNU Manifesto which appears below was written by Richard Stallman at the beginning of the GNU project, to ask for 3 participation and support. For the first few years, it was updated in minor ways to account for developments, but now it seems best to leave it unchanged as most people have seen it.
　　『GNU 释义』一文乃是由 Richard Stallman 在 GNU 计画刚开始进行时 所撰写，以争取其它人的加入及支持。在刚开始的几年，为了记录计画的发展，本文有些许的修订，但是现在看来最好保持目前最多人所看过 的版本而不再做修订。
　　Since that time, we have learned about certain common misunderstandings that different wording could help avoid. Footnotes added in 1993 help clarify these points.
　　从那时起，我们慢慢熟悉不同的用字可以避免某些特定的误解。在 1993 年所增加的注解可以澄清这些疑点。
　　For up-to-date information about the available GNU software, please see the latest issue of the GNU's Bulletin. The list is much too long to include here.
　　想获知 GNU 软体的最新动态，请参考最新版的 GNU's Bulletin。这份 列表因为太长，所以在此不引用。
　　 What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
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什麽是 GNU ? GNU 是 Gnu's Not Unix! 的缩写。 ============================================
　　GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it away free to everyone who can use it.(1) Several other volunteers are helping me. Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed.
　　GNU，Gnu's Not Unix 的缩写，是我正在写的一个与 UNIX 相容的软体系统， 9目的在於我能够自由的把此系统给想要用它的人。(1) 有好几个自愿者在帮我的忙。 我们非常的需要（希望）您也能够贡献时间、金钱、程式或者是机器来参加此计画。
　　So far we have an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor commands, a source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator, a linker, and around 35 utilities. A shell (command interpreter) is nearly completed. A new portable optimizing C compiler has compiled itself and may be released this year. An initial kernel exists but many more features are needed to emulate Unix. When the kernel and compiler are finished, it will be possible to distribute a GNU system suitable for program development. We will use TeX as our text formatter, but an nroff is being worked on. We will use the free, portable X window system as well. After this we will add a portable Common Lisp, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other things, plus on-line documentation. We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and more.
　　到目前为止我们已经有了一个利用 Lisp 当巨集命令的编辑器，一个原始码层 次的除错器，一个 yacc 相容的语法分析程式产生器，一个联结器，和大概 35 个 公用程式。有一个 shell （命令解译器）已经几乎完成了。一个新的、具可携性的、 有最佳化功能的Ｃ编译器已经可以自我编译而可以在今年发表了。有一个初期的核心 但是需要更多的特性以模拟 UNIX。当核心和编译器都结束後，我们就能够传播一个 适合发展程式的 GNU 系统。我们会使用 TeX 当我们的文字排版器，但是也正在撰 写一个 nroff。我们也会用免费的、具可携性的 Ｘ 视窗系统。之後我们会加一个 有可携性的 Common Lisp、一个 Empire 游戏、一个试算表、和其他各式各样的东西， 以及线上的文件。我们希望最後能提供普通 UNIX 系统所能提供的每一件有用的东西， 甚至还要更多。
　　GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to have longer file names, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, file name completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and perhaps eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C and Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will try to support UUCP, MIT Chaosnet, and Internet protocols for communication.
　　GNU 一定能够执行 Unix 的程式，但是不会和 Unix 完全一样。我们会根据我们 在其它作业系统的经验来改进所有可以增加便利性的地方。特别是我们计划拥有较长 的档名、档案版本号码、一个不怕当机的档案系统，或许还要有自动档名补全、与终 端机无关的显示支援、可能最後还要有一个以 Lisp 为基础的视窗系统，可以使好几 个 Lisp 程式和普通的 Unix 程式能共同分享一个萤幕。C 和 Lisp 都将会成为系统 的程式语言。我们会设法支援 UUCP，MIT Chaosnet，及 Internet 的通讯协定。
　　GNU is aimed initially at machines in the 68000/16000 class with virtual memory, because they are the easiest machines to make it run on. The extra effort to make it run on smaller machines will be left to someone who wants to use it on them.
　　GNU 最初的目标是在有虚拟计忆体，68000/16000 系列的机器上发展，因为这样的 环境是最容易发展程式来实现 GNU 的机器。剩下来让 GNU 能在其它较小的机器执行的 工作，将会留给那些希望能在这些机器上使用 GNU 的人。 To avoid horrible confusion, please pronounce the `G' in the word `GNU' when it is the name of this project. 为了避免令人不悦的混淆，请各位提到此计划的名字 `GNU' 时务必要把 `G' 的音 发出来。 （译者注：gnu 查字典是非洲的大羚羊，Ｇ不发音。）